His father, Francis I, held the title of Holy Roman emperor. Joseph de Lorraine, en tant qu'empereur des Romains, Joseph II1 (Vienne, 13 mars 1741 Vienne, 20 février 1790), fils aîné de François de Lorraine, grand-duc de Toscane puis empereur des Romains2, et de Marie-Thérèse d'Autriche, il succéda à son père comme empereur des Romains en 1765 et devint alors corégent des possessions héréditaires des Habsbourg ; il hérita de celles-ci en 1780 à la mort de sa mère, l'impératrice Marie-Thérè… Joseph also encountered difficulties outside his empire. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The defeats of Austria, especially in the Sev… stuff about joesph II of austria. The artistic life of Vienna rose to new heights when the Burgtheater became the German National Theater. He was the eldest son of Emperor Leopold I from his third wife, Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg.Joseph was crowned King of Hungary at the age of nine in 1687 and King in Germany at the age of eleven in 1690. The banquets given in his honour in Paris could not conceal the truth from him: France was headed for catastrophe. In a later treaty with Turkey, Joseph annexed Bukovina to his country. After his mother’s death, Joseph had involved himself fruitlessly in 1784 in an attempt to force the Dutch to lift their blockade to secure a passage to the sea for the Austrian Netherlands. Austria was more successful than France in meeting regular expenditures and in gaining credit. The Emperor’s impatience in turning the monks out of the monasteries, however, caused many works of art to be destroyed. Joseph’s first marriage in 1760 to the Bourbon princess Isabella of Parma, whom he loved passionately, ended in tragedy when she died of smallpox three years later. The 36,000 monks forced to leave their orders were given an annuity or money to return home; those so returning could continue as secular priests. This stretched the empire's resources and also opened the door for more unrest. Josephinism was the collective domestic policies of Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor. Joseph II of Austria was a complicated man. However, Joseph's main aim was to make the empire more efficient and financially secure. He loved his subjects and was willing to do anything for them. Joseph II developed an idealism bordering on fanaticism for the common weal of his subjects, but often chose the wrong means to implement his reforms. As a boy, he had toured the countryside with his mother, and been affected by the conditions in which the peasants lived. Unlike Frederick, he was not greatly skilled at warfare, but like Frederick, he did care deeply about his people. Maria Theresa had made fewer than 100 each year. During his time in power, Joseph issued decrees that promoted equality and education, but the speed and scope of his reforms led to problems for him and his empire. Joseph II(1741-1790): Holy Roman Emperor. Joseph died in Vienna on February 20, 1790, at the age of 48. © 2020 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. Joseph, the eldest son of Maria Theresa and Francis Stephen of Lorraine (the future emperor Francis I), was strictly and thoroughly educated. https://www.biography.com/political-figure/joseph-ii. He loved his subjects and was willing to do anything for them. This provoked severe resistance from powerful forces within and outside his empire, but ensured that he … In this case a double marriage was proposed: the Austrian heir to the Although Joseph felt he had been a failure, history would show he did make a difference. Although Joseph was co-regent, Maria Theresa maintained control of the empire. Revolutionary unrest in the Austrian Netherlands and Hungary grew in the belief that preoccupation with the war would prevent the Emperor from taking on the revolutionaries as well. The Carol Burnett Show Official Recommended for you Joseph II - Joseph II - Legacy: Joseph and his reign have generated much discussion among historians. Patent abolishing serfdom, 1781. Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II tried to strengthen the Habsburg empire with his enlightened reforms, but the changes he made were met with fierce opposition. The Wittelsbach dynasty had been extinguished in Bavaria, and the heir, the count palatine Charles Joseph, was in favour of moving from Munich to Brussels. When a civil war occurred in Poland under King Stanisław II Poniatowski, the lover of Catherine II the Great of Russia who was completely dependent on Russia, Joseph met with Poland’s third neighbour, King Frederick the Great of Prussia, to plan the partition of Poland, with each neighbour taking a part of the country and the remaining part to be given a last chance at independence. Joseph II., Holy Roman Emperor 1765-90, sonof Francis I. Joseph II of Austria was a complicated man. Joseph II was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to 1790. He was thus the first ruler in the Austrian dominions of the House of Lorraine, styled Habsburg-Lorraine. Joseph II of Austria (Joseph II) -- Joseph Benedikt Anton Michael Adam was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to 1790. fact lexicon with terms going straight to the point. His Russian visit gave him the impression of a state retarded in its development compared with the West, but the loyalty of its enormous population to Catherine and her nearly unlimited power seemed to make her the best ally for political manoeuvres in Europe. Emperor Joseph II of the Holy Roman Empire was the son of Empress Maria Theresa of Austria and the Holy Roman Emperor Francis I. Joseph II was born in the middle of the War of the Austrian Succession on March 13, 1741. He was the eldest son of Maria Theresa and her husband, Francis I and thus the first ruler in the Austrian dominions of the House of Lorraine, styled Habsburg-Lorraine. For the University of Vienna, no longer under the influence of the church, Joseph tried to find the best scholars and scientists. Charles II was the monarch of England, Scotland and Ireland during much of the latter half of the 17th century, marking the Restoration era. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Finden Sie perfekte Stock-Fotos zum Thema Joseph Ii Of Austria sowie redaktionelle Newsbilder von Getty Images. Believing that he was doing what was right and necessary, Joseph did not bother to smooth the way with nobles or clergy who felt threatened by his changes. Following Maria Theresa's death in 1780, Joseph II reigned in his own right until his death in 1790. Austria is a land of lakes, many of them a legacy of the Pleistocene Epoch (i.e., about 2,600,000 to about 11,700 years ago), during which glacial erosion scooped out mountain lakes in the central Alpine district, notably around the Salzkammergut. One of the "Enlightened Despots" of the 18th century, Joseph aspired to increase the power and efficiency of the state by placing all subjects of the realm, including the Church and the feudal nobility, under benevolent monarchical rule. Joseph II succeeded his father Francis I as Holy Roman Emperor in 1765, ruling Austria jointly with … His mother now granted him the title of coregent, but it soon became clear that it too was an empty one. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. As the firstborn son, Joseph spent his childhood knowing he would grow up to take the reins of power. Trouvez les Joseph Ii Of Austria images et les photos d’actualités parfaites sur Getty Images. Joseph II. Chief Joseph was a Nez Perce chief who, faced with settlement by whites of tribal lands in Oregon, led his followers in a dramatic effort to escape to Canada. Catherine II, or Catherine the Great, served as empress of Russia for more than three decades in the late 18th century after overthrowing her husband, Peter III. He ordered the abolition of serfdom; by the Edict of Toleration he established religious equality before the law, and he granted freedom of the press. The monarchy’s finances were balanced. Unfortunately for them, in his mind that meant telling them how to do everything! It was a lonely death. Author of. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-II, The Classical Music Pages - Biography of Joseph II, Military History Encyclopedia on the Web - Biography of Joseph II. Joseph now endeavoured to expand his dominions in the north and east, and to make Austria dominant in Central Europe. Joseph II of hasburg-lothringen was considered as one of the enlightened monarchs in europe together with King Friedrich II of Prussia and Empress Catherine of Russia. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Joseph II: Reformist emperor or enlightened despot? However, the events of Joseph II's last years also suggest that the government was financially vulnerable to the European wars that ensued after 1792. Deriving its name from the Old High German term "Ostarrichi" first recorded in 996 by Holy Roman Emperor Otto III, the small, landlocked nation of Austria has long been an influential player in the political and military sagas of Europe. a new type of monarchy that emerged in the late eighteenth century; monarch such as Frederick II of Prussia, Catherine the Great of Russia, and Joseph II of Austria followed the advice of the philosophes & ruled by enlightened principles, establishing a path to modern nationhood Joseph had been raised to believe that, as royalty, he was smarter and better than anyone else. This chapter considers some of them, using new or little-known material from the Vatican, Austrian, and Hungarian archives. However, his collection of reforms were denied by priests and nobles. Unfortunately for them, in his mind that meant telling them how to do everything! Diversité Culturelle. He is a central figure in Christianity and is emulated as the incarnation of God by many Christians all over the world. Joseph was unwilling to play such a passive role. In 1765 Joseph's father, who had with his wife's backing been elected Holy Roman emperor in 1742, died. To obtain a personal view of the situation in eastern and western Europe, Joseph visited France, where he was enthusiastically received by the intellectual elite, and then also visited Catherine of Russia. Download royalty-free Statue of Emperor Joseph II Hofburg Palace Vienna Austria stock photo 169064540 from Depositphotos collection of millions of premium high-resolution stock photos, vector images and illustrations. In 1786 the Universal Code of Civil Law was issued. Joseph’s conflict with the Roman Catholic Church, however, posed more difficult problems. Joseph II of Austria was a complicated man. Nicholas II was the last tsar of Russia under Romanov rule. By transferring the management of the theatres to the actors, Joseph introduced an artistically fruitful concept.
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