ben sira lilith

The Alphabet’s narrative about Lilith is framed within a tale of King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. After God created Adam, who was alone, He said, 'It is not good for man to be alone' (Gen. 2:18). The text is best known because of its reference to Lilith, and it is the fifth of Ben Sira's responses to King Nebuchadnezzar. However, The Alphabet of Ben-Sira describes Lilith as Adam’s first wife before Eve. Lilith efsanesinin anlatıldığı bu metne göre, lilith, Adem ile aynı kilden Tanrı tarafından bizzat yoğurulmuştur. Nello pseudo Ben-Sira. El alfabeto de Ben Sira parece combinar leyendas de demonios femeninos con la idea de la “primera Eva”. Whether the story itself is older, or, if so, how much older is not possible to say. Lilith - Before the Alphabet of Ben Sira. Therefore, she was cast out of Heaven. BEN SIRA, ALPHABET OF, a narrative, satirical work, written probably in the geonic period in the East.The Alphabet of Ben Sira is one of the earliest, most complicated, and most sophisticated Hebrew stories written in the Middle Ages. Here, declare the feminists matronizingly, we have a clear statement of the Rabbinic Attitude Towards Women! They told her God's word, but she did not wish to return. Facebook gives people the power to share and makes the world more open and connected. According to a medieval text, the Alphabet of Ben Sira: “The Story of Lilith: The Alphabet of ben Sira Question #5 (23a-b) www.jewishchristianlit.com. Look here for great certkiller practice test online questions, if you want to buy 70-667 as well. Soon afterward the young son of the king took ill. Said Nebuchadnez-zar, “Heal m y son. 1102 = MS B IX, recto and verso. It is reproduced here in its entirety: Soon afterward the young son of the king took ill. Said Nebuchadnezzar, "Heal my son. Word lid van Facebook om met Lilith Ben-Sira en anderen in contact te komen. "When the angels heard Lilith's words, they insisted she go back. Een onderdeel ervan is de geschiedenis van Lilith, gebaseerd op de twee scheppingsverhalen van de vrouw in de bijbel. Mais cette légende doit être beaucoup plus ancienne que cette transcription par écrit. In Jewish mythology, Lilith is Adam’s first wife. Read the Book of Ben Sira online. Scholars tend to date the Alphabet between the 8th and 10th centuries, CE. She also agreed to have one hundred of her children die every day. Lilith is mentioned four times in the Babylonian Talmud, but it is not until the Alphabet of Ben Sira (c. 800s to 900s) that the character of Lilith is associated with the first version of Creation. Of the four classes, Lilith probably most resembles the Ardat Lili [1], whom seduce men at night and … Lilith responded, 'We are equal to each other inasmuch as we were both created from the earth.' Ben Sira ist der Sohn, den der Prophet Jeremia unwissentlich mit seiner Tochter zeugt. The first page of the Hebrew original of Ben Sira to be identified in the modern era, by Solomon Schechter in 1896 – now located in Cambridge, bearing the shelfmark CUL Or. Notice that Lilith flees to the Sea of Reeds:the place where the Hebrews will one day go free from slavery. Invoking the name of God, Ben Sira inscribes an amulet with the names of three healing angels. Hebrew text from Alphabet of Ben Sira, "Toldot Ben Sira," Nusach 2 retrieved from hebrewbooks.org/ on October 14, 2013. Se encontraron cuencos de encantamiento que representan a Lilith en Nippur, en lo que alguna vez fue Babilonia. In this version of the Lilith story, Lilith becomes what all tyrants fear: a person who is aware she is enslaved. i A medieval book called The Alphabet of Ben Sira (not to be confused with the 2nd century BCE apocryphal book The Wisdom of Ben Sira) claims that God created Adam and Lilith at the same time from the dust of the earth. Auf den ersten Blick bietet des Alphabet des Ben Sira schwer verdauliche Kost. In the end Lilith stood her ground and never returned to her husband. Le récit le plus célèbre de cette légende est tiré de L’Alphabeth de Ben Sira. Although it is repeatedly cited as a "Rabbinic legend" or a "midrash," it is not recorded in any ancient Jewish text! BEN SIRA, ALPHABET OF, a narrative, satirical work, written probably in the geonic period in the East.The Alphabet of Ben Sira is one of the earliest, most complicated, and most sophisticated Hebrew stories written in the Middle Ages. The Alphabet of Ben Sira The Alphabet of Ben Sira (Alphabet of Jesus ben Sirach, Alphabetum Siracidis, Othijoth ben Sira) is an anonymous medieval text attributed to Jesus ben Sirach, the author of the Wisdom of Sirach. For more about this discovery, click on 'Introduction'. The later medieval Alphabet of Ben Sira first describes her as Adam’s wife. For you are fit only to be in the bottom position, while am to be in the superior one.' Then he relates a The unknown author of this work has filled it with many elements that seem designed to upset the sensibilities of traditional Jews. L'histoire de Lilith est la réponse que fait Ben Sira à la cinquième demande de Nabuchodonosor. Het verhaal over Lilith is ontleend aan het Boek van Ben Sihar. Lilith's origins most likely come from ancient Sumerian beliefs of night spirits that preyed upon humans while they were sleeping. The tale of Lilith originates in a medieval work called "the Alphabet of Ben-Sira," a work whose relationship to the conventional streams of Judaism is, to say the least, problematic. “The Alphabet of ben Sira is the earliest form we know of the Lilith legend familiar to most people (that is, to most people who are familiar with Lilith at all). But they would not listen to one another. Facebook geeft mensen de kans om te delen en maakt de wereld toegankelijker. 'I was created only to cause sickness to infants. Upon this, Lilith left the Garden of Eden by her own free will, never to return. Il est composé de deux listes de proverbes : vingt-deux en araméen, et vingt-deux en hébreu, les deux disposés en acrostiches alphabétiques. Das Alphabet des Ben Sira. The author of the Zohar, R. Moses de Leon, was aware of the Alphabet's version of Lilith, at least according to Gershom Scholem (Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism, p. 174), but he also knows other, probably older, Lilith traditions which do not mesh well with this one. and later revisions of that work which were known in Europe in the eleventh century and included a description of a sexual relationship between Lilith and a “Great Demon,” who was later identified as Samael. The angels said, 'We shall drown you in the sea.' The first page of the Hebrew original of Ben Sira to be identified in the modern era, by Solomon Schechter in 1896 – now located in Cambridge, bearing the shelfmark CUL Or. He then created a woman for Adam, from the earth, as He had created Adam himself, and called her Lilith. Selon la légende, Lilith refusa de servir Adam comme Dieu l’avait destinée à la faire. According to the alphabet of Ben Sira, Lilith was given the name of the first wife of Adam but the couple used to fight a lot. No attempt is made, apparently, to harmonize them. Lilith in the Alphabet of Ben Sira. The work in question is a tenth-century folktale called "The Alphabet of Ben Sira," where Lilith is presented as the first wife of Adam. The text is dated between the 8th and 10th centuries of the common era and tells several stories in the form of aggadah with some elements of midrash in the text. by Ani Posted on August 27, 2020. Whether or not one acknowledges the validity of all the charges that have been leveled against the treatment of women in Jewish law and theology, it is hardly possible to ignore these issues. "'Leave me!' She’s taken on more forms than we can count but the same values are at her core. Aus der Einleitung von Dagmar B rner-Klein. Thus, the book's protagonist, Ben-Sira, is said to have issued from an incestuous union between the prophet Jeremiah and his daughter. There is only one slight problem with this theory: The story of Lilith is not actually found in any authentic Rabbinic tradition. When Lilith sees their names, she remembers her oath, and the child recovers.". It is reproduced here in its entirety: Soon afterward the young son of the king took ill. Said Nebuchadnezzar, "Heal my son. If you don't, I will kill you." Alphabet of Ben Sira, as in the story of Lilith, the first wife of Adam: 30. in the reading of Ginzberg: 1. Join Facebook to connect with Lilith Ben-Sira and others you may know. Lilith Ben-Sira is lid van Facebook. The unknown author of this work has filled it with many elements that seem … Istnieje wiele odmian mitu o Lilith: Hieronim łączył ją z grecką Lamią – libijską królową związaną z Zeusem.Gdy Zeus porzucił Lamię, Hera porwała jej dzieci, co z kolei było powodem porywania obcych dzieci przez Lamię. It is dated to anywhere between A.D. 700 and 1000. If not she must permit one hundred of her children to die every day.' Voici l‘extrait contenant le passage sur Lilith. When Lilith sees their names, she remembers her oath, and the child recovers.". Cette fable est un texte médiéval qui daterait entre 700 et 1000 de notre ère et que l’on attribuerait à un certain Jésus Ben Sirah. When these angels made threats against Lilith's demonic descendants, she countered that she would prey eternally upon newborn human babies, who could be saved only by invoking the protection of the three angels. Lilith is mentioned at least four times in the Babylonian Talmud. "The angles who are in charge of medicine: Snvi, Snsvi, and Smnglof. Here the author recounts a dispute that arose between Adam and Lilith. At Adam's urging, God dispatched three angels to negotiate her return. Lilith insisted from the outset on equal treatment, a fact which caused constant friction between the couple. The tale of Lilith originates in a medieval work called "the Alphabet of Ben-Sira," a work whose relationship to the conventional streams of Judaism is, to say the least, problematic. 1102 = MS B IX, recto and verso. For you are fit only to be in the bottom position, while am to be in the superior one.' Here are sources of various facts and myths about her. Libro de la Sabiduría de Jesús ben Sira; de Jesús ben Sirá: Portada de la Biblia Protestante de Gustavo I de Suecia de 1541, la primera en idioma sueco.Incluía los Libros "Deuterocanónicos" en una sección al final del Antiguo Testamento. Others have suggested that it was a polemical broadside aimed at Christians, Karaites, or some other opposing movement. Upon this, Lilith left the Garden of Eden by her own free will, never to return. In recent years, feminist scholars have reclaimed the character of Lilith by interpreting her story in a more positive light. Lilith appears to have lived on in oral tradition until the Talmudic times, where the popular mythos of Lilith is first presented in response to a contradiction in the Torah. "Gold must be hammered, and the child must be beaten." Introduction to the Creature From Jewish Folklore. Lilith Ben-Sira is on Facebook. The text is dated between the 8th and 10th centuries of the common era and tells several stories in the form of aggadah with some elements of midrash in the text. In modern times feminist scholars have reclaimed the character of Lilith. Dit joodse middeleeuwse geschrift wordt beschouwd als een satirische tekst. They did not agree with each other on the matter of sex because he always wants to remain on the top while on the other hand she also wanted to be dominant in the sexual position. Lilith appears to have lived on in oral tradition until the Talmudic times, where the popular mythos of Lilith is first presented in response to a contradiction in the Torah. The oldest known text that explicitly refers to Lilith as Adam’s first wife is The Alphabet of Ben Sira, an anonymous collection of midrashim from the medieval period. Isaiah 3… 5. History and legends about Lilith. Ben Sihar (ook bekend onder de namen Shimon ben Yeshua ben Eliezer ben Sira en Jesus Ben Sirach) was een Hellenistisch Joodse schriftgeleerde uit de 2e eeuw voor Christus. However, the book The Alphabet of Ben Sira is in fact not an authoritative source in Jewish literature at all. Lilitu y Ardat Lili eran dos figuras que fueron relacionadas con el demonio Lilu, que dominaba a las mujeres y raptaba a sus hijos. This article discusses references to Lilith from the medieval period to modern times. Lilith w mitologii. Una fonte nella storia che descrive Lilith come la prima figura femminile vista da Adamo è L'alfabeto di Ben-Sira, intitolato a Yeshua ben Sira (II secolo a.C.), ma in realtà di autore anonimo, scritto nel X secolo d.C. ', "When the angels heard Lilith's words, they insisted she go back. However, much of it is far from valid. The book is consistently sounding the praises of hypocritical and insincere behaviour. In “The Lilith Question,” Aviva Cantor writes: According to feminist readers, Lilith is a role model for sexual and personal independence. Voici l‘extrait contenant le passage sur Lilith. He wanted to be on top when they had sex, but she also wanted to be on top, arguing that they were created at the same time and hence were equal partners. The angels left God and pursued Lilith, whom they overtook in the midst of the sea, in the mighty waters wherein the Egyptians were destined to drown. The Alphabet Of Ben Sira Lilith. If you don’t, I will kill you. It is here that we find Lilith as Adam's first wife. L'Alphabet de Ben Sira (latin : Alphabetum Siracidis ; hébreu : Othijoth ben Sira) est un texte médiéval anonyme, faussement attribué à Jésus ben Sira, l'auteur du Siracide.Il est daté en réalité entre 700 et 1000 de notre ère. Join Facebook to connect with Lilith Ben-Sira and others you may know. "The angles who are in charge of medicine: Snvi, Snsvi, and Smnglof. In the Alpha Betha of Ben Sira (Alphabetum Siracidis, or Sepher Ben Sira), an anonymous collection of midrashic proverbs probably compiled in the 11th century C.E., it is explained more explicitly that the conflict arose because Adam, as a way of asserting his authority over Lilith, insisted that she lie beneath him during sexual intercourse (23 A-B). Het verhaal over Lilith als eerste vrouw van Adam duikt voor het eerst op in Het Alphabet van Ben Sira (geschreven tussen 700 en 1000 na Christus). For one of these other traditions, and comments on whether the author was familiar with the Alphabet, see Treatise on the Left Emanation. 3. Facebook gives people the power to share and makes the world more open and connected. The Hebrew commentary, illustrating the proverbs with fables, is much younger. Use highlighting, underlining, and take notes while you study the bible. Major sources in Jewish tradition regarding Lilith in chronological order include: The feminist critique of conventional values has not overlooked the Jewish tradition. If you don’t, I will kill you. 1. The Alphabet of Ben-Sira (Alphabetum Siracidis, Othijoth ben Sira) is an anonymous medieval text, attributed to Ben Sira (Sirach), the author of Ecclesiasticus.It is dated to anywhere between AD 700 and 1000. Una de las hipótesis sobre cómo surgió Lilith se pueden hallar en los relatos sobre dos de los demonios femeninos que existían en la cultura de Mesopotamia. * J. Dan, The Hebrew Story in the Middle Ages, Jerusalem, 1974. * J. D. Eisenstadt, ed., Ozar Midrashim, Israel, n.d. Indeed Lilith has become such a potent feminist symbol that the magazine “Lilith” was named after her. "Gnaw the bone that falls to thy lot whether it be good or bad." Een 16e eeuws Duits werkje “Ein Schön Spiel von Frau Jutten” noemt Lilith als de grootmoeder van Jutta. If you don't, I will kill you." At once, the Holy One, blessed be He, sent these three angles to bring her back. ', "'Leave me!' 3. She said, 'I will not lie below,' and he said, 'I will not lie beneath you, but only on top. Voici la traduction intégrale de ce texte : « Peu après, le jeune fils de Nabuchodonosor tomba malade. Read the Book of Ben Sira online. she said. It is a compilation of two lists of proverbs, 22 in Aramaic and 22 in Hebrew, both arranged as alphabetic acrostics. By the 7th century, women were reciting incantations against Lilith to protect themselves and their babies during childbirth. It is a compilation of two lists of proverbs, 22 in Aramaic and 22 in Hebrew, both arranged as alphabetic acrostics.Each proverb is followed by an Haggadic commentary. Para empezar, no se conoce con exactitud nada sobre su origen. Used by … If the infant is male, I have dominion over him for eight days after his birth, and if female, for twenty days. As an example of this sort of scholarly sloppiness, I wish to discuss an intriguing Hebrew legend that has found its way into dozens of recent works about Jewish attitudes towards women. It is here that we find Lilith as Adam's first wife. Aunque debería ser un personaje importante dentro de la historia, por el rol que tuvo, sobre Lilith hay pocas certezas. Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. Scholars tend to date the Alphabet between the 8th and 10th centuries, CE. The angels left God and pursued Lilith, whom they overtook in the midst of the sea, in the mighty waters wherein the Egyptians were destined to drown. Segundo este manuscrito milenar, Ben Sira conta a história de Lilith para Nabucodonosor II: Depois que Deus criou Adão, que estava sozinho, Ele disse: Não é bom que o homem esteja só (Gênesis 2:18). Mas no fue esta únicamente la nueva característica de Lilith, … Lilith became a figure of cosmic evil in medieval The esoteric and mystical teachings of Judaism Kabbalah. The story of Lilith originated in the ancient Near East,where a wilderness spirit known as the “dark maid” appears in the Sumerian myth “The descent of Inanna” (circa 3000 BCE). Accordingly, every day one hundred demons perish, and for the same reason, we write the angels' names on the amulets of young children. The angels said, 'We shall drown you in the sea. In none of these cases is she referred to as Adam’s wife. Lilith’in tasviri bir ortaçağ metni olan ve Musevi adetlerini etkileyen Ben-Sira Alfabesi’nde yer alıyor. "Said the Holy One to Adam, 'If she agrees to come back, fine. If you already know where you are going: Overview The Alphabet of Ben Sira Biblical References to Lilith Gilgamesh Prologue Lilith's Origins Pictures. Весенняя коллекция 2017 дизайнера Яны tell me who i am reading the Весенняя коллекция модной одежды от meet lilith adam s first wife that s about lilith on vimeo. The story implies that when Eve was afterwards fashioned out of Adam's rib (symbolic of her subjection to him), this was to serve as an antidote to Lilith's short-lived attempt at egalitarianism. En la cultura de Mesopotamia es habit… Unfortunately, a discussion on Lilith could not be complete with addressing the Alphabet of Ben Sira. Adam stood in prayer before his Creator: 'Sovereign of the universe!' The Alphabet of Ben Sira Question #5 (23a-b), Tr. Ben Sira immediately sat down and wrote an amulet with the Holy Name, and he inscribed on it the angels in charge of medicine by their names, forms and images, and by their wings, hands, and feet. "Be good … Lilith è una figura presente nelle antiche religioni mesopotamiche e nella religione ebraica, che potrebbe averla appresa dai babilonesi assieme ad altri culti e miti come il diluvio universale presente nell'epopea di Gilgameš, durante la prigionia di Babilonia.. Nella religione mesopotamica Lilith è il demone femminile associato alla tempesta, ritenuto portatore di disgrazia, malattia e morte. When Lilith saw this, she pronounced the Ineffable Name and flew away into the air. Adam and Lilith began to fight. 5. Perhaps the best-known example of this is Michelangelo’s portrayal of Lilith on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in a painting called “The Temptation of Adam and Eve.” Here a female serpent is shown wrapped around the Tree of Knowledge, which some have interpreted as a representation of Lilith tempting Adam and Eve. "Who are these?" We are also selling good quality 199-01 and online ged. People who ascribed to such superstitions thought that the bowl would capture Lilith if she attempted to enter their home. Die Erz hlung beginnt mit einem ungewollten Inzest. 38:1) 2. Lilith in the Alphabet of Ben Sira The earliest depiction of Lilith as the first wife of Adam is in the Medieval text "The Alphabet of Ben Sira" written between 700 – 100 A.D, which is believed to be satirical in nature, makes references to incest, masturbation, and flatulence, but is best known for its twist on the creation story found in Genesis: Adam's original mate was the demonic Lilith who had been fashioned, just like her male counterpart, from the dust of the earth. In particular, the heroes of the Bible and Talmud are frequently portrayed in the most perverse colours. he said, 'the woman you gave me has run away.' Una obra posterior, El Alfabeto de Ben Sira, menciona a Lilith ya no solamente como un Súcubo, sino como un terrorífico demonio que aterrorizaría a las poblaciones en los siglos por venir. If the infant is male, I have dominion over him for eight days after his birth, and if female, for twenty days.' Having now examined the Bible and Talmud, we arrive at the Alphabet of Ben Sira which holds perhaps the quinessential story of Lilith. The most quoted book in contemporary sources about Lilith is also the least reliable. Lilith responded, 'We are equal to each other inasmuch as we were both created from the earth.' But she swore to them by the name of the living and eternal God: 'Whenever I see you or your names or your forms in an amulet, I will have no power over that infant.' Aug 28, 2016 - Lilith – Biblical Character – There are many interpetations about this goddess, most of them paint a dark, demonic picture. Lilith, la Madre de todos los Demonios. "Said the Holy One to Adam, 'If she agrees to come back, fine. Instead of a demonic female, they see a strong woman who not only sees herself as man’s equal but refuses to accept anything other than equality. As one who is normally sympathetic with feminist aspirations, I have often been disappointed with the scholarly standards of the debate, especially when it has been directed towards the classical texts of Judaism. Mais sans aucune preuve. So shocking and abhorrent are some of the contents of "the Alphabet of Ben-Sira" that modern scholars have been at a loss to explain why anyone would have written such a book. She said, 'I will not lie below,' and he said, 'I will not lie beneath you, but only on top. Pero esto no fue todo. When Lilith sees them, she remembers her oath and the child is [protected and] healed. Norman Bronznick (with David Stern & Mark Jay Mirsky) (Stern90), The Alphabet of Ben Sira is the earliest form we know of the Lilith legend familiar to most people (that is, to most people who are familiar with Lilith at all). They told her God's word, but she did not wish to return. Lilith is mentioned at least four times in the Babylonian Talmud. But they would not listen to one another. In the course of polemical ideological exchanges, I find too frequently that sweeping generalizations are being supported by flimsy or questionable evidence, with a disturbing disregard for factual accuracy and historical context. And if she was the proverbial serpent in the Garden of Eden, her intent was to free Eve with the power of speech, knowledge, and strength of will. Many first encounter Lilith in her starring role in an often-cited yet little-understood passage in The Alphabet of Ben Sira, which places her as the first wife of Adam in the garden of Eden.As the story goes, Lilith was made as Adam's first wife, with both herself and Adam being fashioned from the soil by God's hands. Tag Archives: alphabet of ben sira A Note On Lilith. He then created a woman for Adam, from the earth, as He had created Adam himself, and called her Lilith. King David comes across as a heartless and spiteful figure who secretly delights in the death of his son Absalom, while putting on a disingenuous public display of grief. The work in question is a tenth-century folktale called "The Alphabet of Ben Sira," where Lilith is presented as the first wife of Adam. Ben Sirá, Ben Sirac (hebreo: בן סירא: בן סירא‬), también conocido como Shimon ben Yeshua ben Eliezer ben Sira; Jesús Ben Sirac; Jesús, hijo de Sirac; o Sirácides (c. siglo II a.C.), era un escriba judío helenístico, sabio y alegorista de Jerusalén.Es el autor del Libro de Sirácida o Eclesiástico, también conocido como Libro de la Sabiduría de Jesús Ben Sirá. Amulets like the one described in the first paragraph are, of course, much older. Indeed, by the early 1200’s works of art began to portray the serpent as a snake or reptile with a woman’s torso. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. Use highlighting, underlining, and take notes while you study the bible. Joshua is described as a buffoon too fat to ride a horse. Soon afterward the young son of the king took ill. Said Nebuchadnez-zar, “Heal m y son. However, The Alphabet of Ben-Sira describes Lilith as Adam’s first wife before Eve. But those traditions make no mention of Lilith, and, in fact, do not mesh well with Ben Sira's version of the story. Alphabet of Ben Sira, as in the story of Lilith, the first wife of Adam: 30. 4. Some see it as an impious digest of risqué folk-tales. Nebuchadnezzar looked at the amulet. Certainly there are volumes of real texts and traditions that could benefit from a searching and critical feminist analysis, and it is a shame to focus so much intellectual energy on a dubious and uncharacteristic legend of this sort. Cette fable est un texte médiéval qui daterait entre 700 et 1000 de notre ère et que l’on attribuerait à un certain Jésus Ben Sirah. Lilith is an element of Jewish folklore who is first attested to in a Dead Sea scroll called “Songs of the Sage.” In that work and in the later Babylonian Talmud (A.D. 300-500), she is described as a demon. Eventually the frustrated Lilith used her magical powers to fly away from her spouse. Adam stood in prayer before his Creator: 'Sovereign of the universe!' C’est l’Alphabet de Ben Sira qui introduit la légende de Lilith comme étant la première femme d’Adam. But she swore to them by the name of the living and eternal God: 'Whenever I see you or your names or your forms in an amulet, I will have no power over that infant.' It also became common practice to inscribe incantations on bowls and bury them upside down inside a house. Adam and Lilith began to fight. 'I was created only to cause sickness to infants. 4. In Jewish folklore was the first wife of Adam and was created alongside him by God. There are many ways you can help me to bring this message to the world. To learn about depictions of Lilith in older texts see: Lilith in the Torah, Talmud and Midrash. "If a son do not conduct himself like a son, let him float on the water." Ele então criou a mulher para Adão, da terra, como Ele havia criado o próprio Adão, e chamou-a de Lilith.

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