Many of them settled in northern Connacht. The company "BetEire Flow" (eFlow), named as a pun on "better", is a French consortium running the electronic tolling system at the West-Link bridge west of Dublin. L'Ulster /ylstɛʁ/a (en anglais : /ˈɞlstə(ɹ)/b ; en irlandais : Ulaidh /ˈulˠəi/c / Cúige Uladhd /ˈkuːɟə ˈulˠə/c ; en scots d'Ulster : Ulstèr ; en latin : Ultonia) est l'une des quatre provinces historiques de l'île d'Irlande. In horse racing, specifically National Hunt, Ulster has produced the most dominant jockey of all time, Tony McCoy. Thousands of unionists, led by the Dublin-born barrister Sir Edward Carson and James Craig, signed the "Ulster Covenant" of 1912 pledging to resist Home Rule. The province's highest point, Slieve Donard (848 metres (2,782 ft)), stands in County Down. 383 of 1952 and no. Elle se compose de six des neuf comtés de la province irlandaise d'Ulster. For the constituent country of the UK, see, Traditional province in the north of Ireland, Republicanism, rebellion and communal strife, Industrialisation, Home Rule and partition. While Éire is simply the name for the island of Ireland in the Irish language, and sometimes used in English, Erin is a common poetic name for Ireland, as in Erin go bragh. Following the Anglo Irish treaty, the exact border between the new dominion of the Irish Free State and the future Northern Ireland, if it chose to opt out, was to be decided by the Irish Boundary Commission. Gaelic Football is by far the most popular of the GAA sports in Ulster but hurling is also played, especially in Antrim, Armagh, Derry, and Down. There have been cup competitions between I.F.A. The Circuit of Ireland Rally is an annual automobile rally held in Ulster since 1931. El artículo 4 de la Constitución de Irlanda, la cual fue adoptada en 1937, dice que «el nombre del Estado es Éire, o en inglés, Ireland». It is a member of the European Union. [19] The 1938 Act was repealed in 1981, and in 1996 a British journalist described Eire as "now an oddity rarely used, an out-of-date reference". Belfast became famous in this period for its huge dockyards and shipbuilding – and notably for the construction of the RMS Titanic. Paradoxically however, this period also saw much sectarian violence between Roman Catholics and Protestants, principally members of the Church of Ireland (Anglicans, who practised the British state religion and had rights denied to both Presbyterians and Roman Catholics), notably the "Battle of the Diamond" in 1795, a faction fight between the rival "Defenders" (Roman Catholic) and "Peep O'Day Boys" (Anglican), which led to over 100 deaths and to the founding of the Orange Order. In football, the main competitions in which they compete with the other Irish counties are the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship and National Football League, while the Ulster club champions represent the province in the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship. stair na hÉireann "the history of Ireland, Ireland's history"), is found in the Gaelic forms of the titles of companies and institutions in Ireland e.g. The 1859 Ulster Revival was a major Christian revival that spread throughout Ulster. Ulster (irisch Cúige Uladh [ˈkuːgʲ ˈʊɫə] oder Ulaidh [ˈʊɫə]) ist neben Connacht, Leinster und Munster eine Region und frühere Provinz im Norden Irlands, deren Einwohner Ulter genannt wurden. In his book Geographia (circa 150 AD), Claudius Ptolemaeus called the island Iouernia (written Ἰουερνία; ou represented /w/). The genitive case, Éireann (e.g. The Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland excluded most of Ulster's population from having any Civil power on religious grounds. They are Cavan, Monaghan, Fermanagh, Tyrone and Donegal. The other sixth is called Northern Ireland, which is still … It was then that the provinces of Ailech, Airgialla, and Ulaidh would all merge largely into what would become the modern province of Ulster. In 637, the Battle of Moira, known archaically as the Battle of Magh Rath, was fought by the Gaelic High King of Ireland Domhnall II against his foster son King Congal Cáech of Ulster, supported by his ally Domhnall the Freckled (Domhnall Brecc) of Dalriada. Sectarian divisions in Ulster became hardened into the political categories of unionist (supporters of the Union with Britain; mostly, but not exclusively, Protestant) and nationalist (advocates of repeal of the 1800 Act of Union, usually, though not exclusively, Roman Catholic). Éire (Irish: [ˈeːɾʲə] (listen)) is Irish for "Ireland", the name of an island and a sovereign state. Despite the fact that Article 8 designated Irish as the "national" and "first official" language, Éire has to some extent passed out of everyday conversation and literature, and the state is referred to as Ireland or its equivalent in all other languages. This group (founded in Belfast) dedicated itself to founding a non-sectarian and independent Irish republic. Ulster (irsky Uladh) je historická provincie (irské království) na severovýchodě Irska.Větší část Ulsteru je jako takzvané Severní Irsko součástí Spojeného království, menší část náleží k Irské republice.Toto rozdělení Ulsteru pochází z roku 1920 a od roku 1922 je mezinárodní hranicí. of the ten it has elected to Dáil Éireann, the Lower House of the Oireachtas, the parliament of the Republic of Ireland. Según los partidarios de Éire Nua, la formación de parlamentos provinciales con autoridades de autogobierono habría sido un buen método de conservar el statu quo dominante de protestantes en el Ulster pero sin mantener la división de la isla, ni dejar a los católicos del Ulster como ciudadanos de segunda. This, and the subsequent Irish War of Independence, led to the partition of Ireland. (See Larne gunrunning). Ireland (/ ˈ aɪər l ə n d / (); Irish: Éire [ˈeːɾʲə] (); Ulster-Scots: Airlann) is an island in the North Atlantic.It is about 486 kilometres (302 miles) long and about 288 kilometres (179 miles) wide. Is one of the founding socialist Republics of the Federal Socialist Republics of Ireland. The former is the most capped British and Irish Lion of all time, having completed four tours with the Lions in the sixties and seventies. The Boyne and its tributary the Blackwater were the traditional southern boundary of the province of Ulster and appear as such in the Táin Bó Cúailnge. The county is divided into two constituencies: Donegal North-East and Donegal South-West, each with three T.D.'s. Its rulers resisted English encroachment but were defeated in the Nine Years' War (1594–1603). Eire Country ID EIR Capital province Meath/Ulster Primary Culture Gaelic State Religion Catholic Techgroup Latin Aristocracy 8 Centralisation 0 Innovative 3 Mercantilism 5 Offensive 7 Land 6 Quality 4 Serfdom 7 Eire is a country in Europa Universalis II. Ulster Ulster (Iers-Gaelisch: Cúige Uladh) is een van de vier oorspronkelijke provincies van Ierland. Noel Davern asked in the Dáil in 1974 why Irish stamps had EIRE rather than ÉIRE. The City of Derry Airport is located at Eglinton, 13 kilometres (8 mi) east of the city of Derry. Tommy McKearney, "Northern Ireland: From Imperial Asset to International Encumbrance", in Journal of World-Systems Theory, vol. "[17] Stamps later reverted to a Gaelic type with the accent preserved. Classic editor History Talk (0) Share. [11] Lough Neagh, in the east, is the largest lake in the British Isles, while Lough Erne in the west is one of its largest lake networks. At the start of the war, Irish Jacobites controlled most of Ireland for James II, with the exception of the Williamite strongholds at Derry and at Enniskillen in Ulster. In the latter part of the century, Belfast briefly overtook Dublin as the island's largest city. A Ilha da Irlanda (em irlandês: Éire; em escocês do Ulster: Airlann; em inglês: Ireland; também conhecida como Ilha Esmeralda por suas vastas estepes verde-claras) é a terceira maior ilha da Europa e a vigésima maior do mundo. It is of note that both the Williamite and Jacobite armies were religiously mixed; William of Orange's own elite forces, the Dutch Blue Guards had a papal banner with them during the invasion, many of them being Dutch Roman Catholics.[42]. Irish in Éirinn, Scottish an Èirinn/ann an Èirinn "in Ireland"). The distinction between the two is one of the difference between cases of nouns in Irish. Disdaining (or forced out of) the heavily English regions on the Atlantic coast, most groups of Ulster-Scots settlers crossed into the "western mountains," where their descendants populated the Appalachian regions and the Ohio Valley. Elle couvre 14 139 km2, soit environ un sixième de l'île entière et 5 % du Royaume-Uni. Six of Ulster's nine counties, Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry and Tyrone, including the former parliamentary boroughs of Belfast and Londonderry, form Northern Ireland which remained part of the United Kingdom after the partition of Ireland in 1921. Under the 1947 Convention Irish-registered aircraft have carried a registration mark starting "EI" for Éire. Its name derives from the Irish language Cúige Uladh (pronounced "Kooi-gah UH-loo"), meaning "fifth of the Ulaidh", named for the ancient inhabitants of the region. The evolution of the word would follow as such: A 19th century proposal, which does not follow modern standards of etymology, derives the name from Scottish Gaelic: The etymology fails in that tiar (the historical form) has no *téir forms which would allow the development of the *é of Éire; moreover, Old Irish (= Old Gaelic) í "island" was a late loan word from Old Norse ey "island", and so did not exist in prehistoric Ireland. [24], This article is about the Irish language name of both the island and the state called "Ireland", or sometimes (mistakenly) 'Southern Ireland', in English. When Irish-language texts were printed in Gaelic type, diacritics were retained on upper-case letters as for lower-case letters. Cricket is also played in Ulster, especially in Northern Ireland and East Donegal. This was illustrated when Erskine H. Childers, a Church of Ireland member and Teachta Dála (TD, a member of the lower house of the National Parliament) who had represented Monaghan, won election as President after having served as a long-term minister under Fianna Fáil Taoisigh Éamon de Valera, Seán Lemass and Jack Lynch. Domnall Ua Lochlainn (died 1121) and Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn (died 1166) were of this dynasty. Electorally, voting in the six Northern Ireland counties of Ulster tends to follow religious or sectarian lines; noticeable religious demarcation does not exist in the South Ulster counties of Cavan and Monaghan in the Republic of Ireland. George Best Belfast City Airport (sometimes referred to as "the City Airport" or "the Harbour Airport") is another, smaller airport which is located at Sydenham in Belfast. [26], Most people in Ulster speak English. [18] The latter two have yielded the terms Ulidian and Ultonian. Initially after 1937 the United Kingdom insisted on using only the name "Eire" and refused to accept the name "Ireland". The Curragh Incident showed it would be difficult to use the British army to enforce home rule from Dublin on Ulster's unionist minority. During his exploration of northwest Europe (circa 320 BC), Pytheas of Massilia called the island Ierne (written Ἰέρνη). The province's early story extends further back than written records and survives mainly in legends such as the Ulster Cycle. This was altered by the Ireland Act 1949, where the English-law name of the state was changed to "Republic of Ireland". The name "Éire" has been used on Irish postage stamps since 1922;[5] on all Irish coinage (including Irish euro coins); and together with "Ireland" on passports and other official state documents issued since 1937. [4] The Constitution's English-language preamble also describes the population as "We, the people of Éire". [27] Large parts of County Donegal are Gaeltacht areas where Irish is the first language and some people in west Belfast also speak Irish, especially in the "Gaeltacht Quarter". The war in Ulster ended with the defeat of the native army at the Battle of Scarrifholis, near Newmills on the western outskirts of Letterkenny, County Donegal, in 1650, as part of the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland conducted by Oliver Cromwell and the New Model Army, the aim of which was to expel all native Irish to the Province of Connaught.[39]. Across the nine counties, according to the aggregate UK 2011 Census for Northern Ireland, and the ROI 2011 Census for counties Cavan, Donegal and Monaghan, there is a Roman Catholic majority over Protestant of 50.8% to 42.7%.[24]. Es bestand aus neun historischen Grafschaften (engl. Dissatisfaction with this led to the Irish War of Independence, which formally ceased on 11 July 1921. [1] This suggests a descent from the Proto-Indo-European reconstruction *piHwerjon-, likely related to the adjectival stem *piHwer- (cf. Ireland (Éire) is an island to the north-west of continental Europe. Six Ulster counties became Northern Ireland, a self-governing territory within the United Kingdom, while the rest of Ireland became the Irish Free State, now the Republic of Ireland. Northern Ireland is often referred to as Ulster,[20] despite including only six of Ulster's nine counties. The county covers an area of 1,691 km² (653 sq; mi), with a population of approximately 61,170, with Enniskillen its county town. Ulster (/ˈʌlstər/; Irish: Ulaidh [ˈʊlˠəi] or Cúige Uladh [ˌkuːɟə ˈʊlˠə]; Ulster Scots: Ulstèr[5][6][7] or Ulster)[8][9][10] is one of the four traditional Irish provinces, in the north of Ireland. The whole province fields a team to play the other provinces in the Railway Cup in both football and hurling. Sanskrit pīvan, pīvarī and pīvara that could be related to Hindu goddess Parvati and Persian parvar(پروار) meaning "fat, full, abounding"). It is named after the overkingdom of Ulaid, in the east of the province, which was in turn named after the Ulaid folk. The term Ulster has no official function for local government purposes in either country. From January 2007, the Irish government nameplates at meetings of the European Union have borne both Éire and Ireland, following the adoption of Irish as a working language of the European Union. Hay nueve condados en … The Irish word for someone or something from Ulster is Ultach, and this can be found in the surnames MacNulty, MacAnulty, and Nulty, which all derive from Mac an Ultaigh, meaning ’son of the Ulsterman’. To the west of Ireland is the Atlantic Ocean; to the east of Ireland, across the Irish Sea, is the island of Great Britain.Over 6.4 million people lived on the island in 2016. In the 1600s Ulster was the last redoubt of the traditional Gaelic way of life, and following the defeat of the Irish forces in the Nine Years War (1594–1603) at the battle of Kinsale (1601), Elizabeth I's English forces succeeded in subjugating Ulster and all of Ireland. The archaeology of Ulster, formerly called Ulandia, gives examples of "ritual enclosures", such as the "Giant's Ring" near Belfast, which is an earth bank about 590 feet (180 m) in diameter and 15 feet (4.5 m) high, in the centre of which there is a dolmen.[30]. 22 issue 1, p. 110; second-largest city on the island of Ireland, local government in the Republic of Ireland, Causeway Coast and Glens District Council, Armagh, Banbridge and Craigavon District Council, County Donegal Railways Joint Committee (CDRJC), Learn how and when to remove this template message, Emperor Leopold I of the Holy Roman Empire, Demographics and politics of Northern Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship, All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, "Table 1. Éire Nua y el gobierno del Ulster. La principale ville de la province d'Ulster est Belfast. The economy of the province improved, as small producers exported linen and other goods. 82 of 1958.[15][16]. L'Irlande (en irlandais : Éire [ˈ e ː ɾ ʲ ə] Écouter ; en anglais : Ireland [ˈ a ɪ ə r l ə n d] Écouter ; en scots d'Ulster : Airlann [ˈ ɑ ː r l ə n] ; en latin : Hibernia) est une île de l'archipel des îles Britanniques située dans l'océan Atlantique nord.Troisième plus grande île d'Europe, elle est séparée de la Grande-Bretagne, située à l'est, par la mer d'Irlande. The main railway lines linking to and from Belfast Great Victoria Street and Belfast Central are: Only five Irish counties, all in Southern and Western Ulster, currently have no mainline railway. English is taught in all schools in the province; Irish (Gaeilge) is taught in all schools in the counties that are part of the Republic, and in schools in Northern Ireland, almost exclusively in the Roman Catholic and Irish-medium sectors. The geographical centre of Ulster lies between the villages of Pomeroy and Carrickmore in County Tyrone. Bernd Biege. The inflow of Protestant settlers and migrants also led to bouts of sectarian violence with Catholics, notably during the 1641 rebellion and the Armagh disturbances. The Cenél nEógain would make Tír Eóghain (most of which forms modern County Tyrone) their base. Its members are the Protestant Ascendancy: the Presbyterians, or Anglo-Irish (Irish: Angla-Éireannach) and Ulster Scots (Ulster-Scots: Ulstèr-Scotch; Irish: Albanaigh Uladh or Uladh-Albanaigh) as each one is … Davern considered the spelling Eire to be worse than a misspelling, because eire is a separate word, meaning "a burden, load or encumbrance". In the early 20th century, moves towards Irish self-rule were opposed by many Ulster Protestants, sparking the Home Rule Crisis. Estimates suggest that up to 7000 Roman Catholics suffered expulsion from Ulster during this violence. Before the 1937 Constitution, "Saorstát Éireann" (the Irish name of the Irish Free State) was generally used.[11]. This usage is most common among people in Northern Ireland who are unionist,[21] although it is also used by the media throughout the United Kingdom. This Proto-Celtic form became *Īweriū in Proto-Goidelic. Thereafter, Ulster remained firmly under Williamite control and William's forces completed their conquest of the rest of Ireland in the next two years. Peuplée de 1 810 863 habitants d'après le recensement du Royaume-Uni de 2011, elle rep… Ireland, also known as the Republic of Ireland is a European country on the island of Ireland. 's to the Dáil (one of whom is a Protestant). Erin derives from Éirinn, the Irish dative case of Éire, which has replaced the nominative case in Déise Irish and some non-standard sub-dialects elsewhere, in Scottish Gaelic (where the usual word for Ireland is Èirinn) and Manx (like Irish and Scottish Gaelic, a Goidelic Celtic language), where the word is spelled "Nerin," with the initial n- probably representing a fossilisation of the preposition in/an "in" (cf. Ireland (Irish: Éire [ˈeːɾʲə] ()), also known as the Republic of Ireland (Poblacht na hÉireann), is a country in north-western Europe occupying 26 of 32 counties of the island of Ireland.The capital and largest city is Dublin, which is located on the eastern side of the island.Around 40% of the country's population of 4.9 million people resides in the Greater Dublin Area. County Cavan and County Monaghan form the one constituency called Cavan-Monaghan, which sends five T.D. This Rebellion was initially led by Sir Phelim O'Neill (Irish: Sir Féilim Ó Néill), and was intended to overthrow British rule rapidly, but quickly degenerated into attacks on colonists, in which dispossessed Irish slaughtered thousands of the colonists. The longest river in the British Isles, the Shannon, rises at the Shannon Pot in County Cavan with underground tributaries from County Fermanagh. Iarnród Éireann (Irish Rail), Dáil Éireann (Irish Parliament), Poblacht na hÉireann (The Republic of Ireland) or Tuaisceart Éireann (Northern Ireland). [19] Words that have been used in English are Ullish and Ulsterman/Ulsterwoman. [22][23] Most Irish nationalists object to the use of Ulster in this context. The modern Irish Éire evolved from the Old Irish word Ériu, which was the name of a Gaelic goddess. The main mountain ranges are the Mournes, Sperrins, Croaghgorms and Derryveagh Mountains. Hurling teams play in the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, National Hurling League and All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship. County Fermanagh (/fərˈmænə/ fər-ma-nə; from Irish: Fir Manach or Fear Manach, meaning "men of Manach") is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland. By the late 14th century the Earldom had collapsed and the O'Neill dynasty had come to dominate most of Ulster, claiming the title King of Ulster. A plan to re-link Sligo and Derry through Donegal has been postponed until at least 2030. The Church of Ireland (Irish: Eaglais na hÉireann Scots: Kirk o Airlann) is the national church. But the British authorities swiftly put down the rebellion and employed severe repression after the fighting had ended. Political tensions resurfaced, albeit in a new form, towards the end of the 18th century. English is the main language and Ulster English the main dialect. William Sherard (1659–1728) was the first biologist in Ulster.[45][46]. In April 1914, the UVF assisted with the landing of 30,000 German rifles with 3,000,000 rounds at Larne by blockading authorities. The Plantation of Ulster (Irish: Plandáil Uladh) was the organised colonisation (or plantation) of Ulster by people from Great Britain (especially Presbyterians from Scotland). Loyalist militias, primarily Anglicans, also used violence against the United Irishmen and against Roman Catholic and Protestant republicans throughout the province. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}54°24′N 7°00′W / 54.4°N 7.0°W / 54.4; -7.0, a. These refugees' linguistic influence still survives in the dialects of Irish spoken in Mayo, which have many similarities to Ulster Irish not found elsewhere in Connacht. [38], The Plantation of Ulster continued well into the 18th century, interrupted only by the Irish Rebellion of 1641. As a reformed and protestant church it is mainly calvinist and presbyterian in theological and liturgical matters. ", Eire (Confirmation of Agreements) Act 1938, "Dáil Éireann – Volume 119 - 22 March, 1950 – Ceisteanna—Questions. The Ó Domhnaill (O'Donnell) dynasty were Ulster's second most powerful clan from the early thirteenth-century through to the beginning of the seventeenth-century. They do not sing the Irish national anthem but do sing a special song which has been written celebrating the "4 proud provinces" before matches start. The biggest lake in the British Isles, Lough Neagh, lies in eastern Ulster. The Ulster Hockey Union organises field hockey in the province and contributes substantially to the all-island hockey team.[48]. [citation needed]. This movement also set up the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF). The IRA remained relatively quiescent in Ulster, with the exception of the south Armagh area, where Frank Aiken led it. [23] According to the Dublin Companies Registration Office in 2008, over 500 company names incorporate the word Éire in some form. ISO 3166-2 Newsletter II-1, 19 February 2010, which gives "Ulster" as the official English name and "Ulaidh" as the official Irish name of the province, citing "Ordnance Survey Office, Dublin 1993" as its source –, "Community Background", 2011 Census, for NI, and "Religion", 2011 Census, for RoI, Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Following the Sinn Féin victory in these elections the Irish Declaration of Independence was penned and Irish republicans launched a guerrilla campaign against British rule in what became the Irish War of Independence (January 1919 – July 1921). Forty years later, in 1688–1691, the Williamite War was fought, the belligerents of which were the Williamites and Jacobites.
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