Rear (hull) 19–25 mm / 0–38 ° The roof vulnerability of the M36 did much to rush out the arrival of the M26 Pershing, similarly armed. The triangular cast gun shield sported the thickest armor on the vehicle, 2 1⁄4 inches (57 mm). The hull ball-mounted machine gun on the co-driver’s side was a postwar addition to all surviving M36s, and later an M3A1 90 mm gun (shared with the M46 Patton) was mounted instead of the 90 mm M3. In general, the open-top turret was not seen as a problem since US Army doctrine of use in close support included infantry walking alongside the vehicles to counter enemy infantry tactics. To accommodate the new weights, the design of the upper rear of the turret was changed from sloped inwards to nearly vertical. 300 were delivered in total by the end of 1943. Of note is that neither the British nor the US armies called the 3 inch GMC M10 tank destroyer the “Wolverine”. In order to answer this question, it is important to understand the role of the tank destroyer, and the tactics used by them. As a result, the M10A1 was kept in the United States for training. Ease of maintenance came from the engine being mounted on steel rollers, which permitted quick removal and replacement. Many US divisional commanders asked for their M10s to be replaced with fully armored tanks. The open top also made escape easier when the vehicle was hit and improved communications with accompanying infantry. These were assimilated as SPGs, operated by Royal Artillery units, and saw service in 1944 in Italy and France (especially with the Canadians and Poles). It was sloped at 45 degrees from the vertical and horizontal. M10 GMC, Tunisia, April 1943. Israel bought M10s from scrapyards and dumping grounds in Europe after 1948. Buy this T-Shirt on Gunji Graphics! These were produced by the Fisher Tank Division (General Motors), Massey Harris Co., American Locomotive Co. and Montreal Locomotive Works (chassis) and hulls by the Grand Blanc Arsenal. The M36 is with the 628th Tank Destroyer Battalion. If one of the engines was damaged or destroyed, it could be disconnected and the other engine used to move the vehicle. The rare T4 (M93) HVAP shot that saw action in small numbers beginning in September 1944 was capable of penetrating 135 mm of homogeneous armor angled at 30 degrees from the vertical at 1,000 yards. In addition to serving with the United States army, the Hellcat also served with the armies of Taiwan, West Germany, and Yugoslavia (until the 1990’s). The 601st Tank Destroyer Battalion, which fought in North Africa, Italy, and Europe, claimed to have knocked out 155 tanks and self-propelled guns. Until then, one of the vehicles used as such was the T12 GMC, a conversion of the M3 half-track with a shielded M1897A4 75 mm (2.95 in) gun. Other operators included the Philippine Army (until the 1960s) and Turkey (222 donated, now long deactivated). Soviet M10 GMC, Northern Front, summer 1944. 7 talking about this. During tank fighting in the Normandy campaign, the M10's 3-inch gun was proven to be ineffective against the thick frontal armor of the German Panther tank. The mantlet was then wrapped around this “beak”. A secondary cal.50 (12.7 mm) machine-gun was mounted on top, both for AA and ground defense. A portion of the proceeds from this purchase will support Tank Encyclopedia, a military history research project. The army then changed their request to a vehicle mounting a 57 mm (2.24 in) gun, thus the designation changed to the T49 57 mm Gun Motor Carriage. The following tank battalions used the M18 during part or all of their service: 602nd battalion 9\1944, 603rd 8\1944, 609th 9\1944, 612th 1\1945, 637th 1\1945 (Pacific), 638th 11\1944, 643rd 2-3\1945, 648th 5\1945?, 656th 2\1945, 661st 2\1945, 704th 7\1944, 705th 7\1944, 801st 4\1945, 805th 6\1944, 807th 4\1945, 809th 2\1945-4\1945, 811th 11\1944, 817th 4\1945, 820th 4\1945, 822nd 4\1945, 824th 3\1945, 827th 12\1944. Finally, the T70 76 mm Gun Motor Carriage emerged and would become the M18 Hellcat. 5.88 without gun x 3.04 x 2.79 m (19’3″ x 9’11” x 9’2″), Ford GAA V-8, gasoline, 450 hp, 15.5 hp/t, 5 (driver, co-driver, commander, gunner, loader), Continental radial R-975-C4 9 cyl., gas. In 1942, the head of staff was actively searching for a fully tracked tank hunter, using the M4 chassis. The rounded, cast transmission cover was 2 inches (51 mm) thick. 1,017 of the vehicles were up-gunned with the powerful 17-pounder gun from May 1944 to April 1945. These extensions often got in the way of fitting "duckbill" extended end connectors, used to reduce ground pressure on soft ground, and were often removed, along with the front fenders, by maintenance units. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. Speed and agility were the hallmarks of this particular tank destroyer; these qualities came about from using a powerful engine and by keeping armored protection to a minimum. Tank destroyer, a highly mobile lightly armoured tank-type vehicle that was used to fight tanks in World War II.Tank destroyers tended to have relatively thin side and rear armour, and the gun was mounted in an open turret or in a casemate that had only a limited traverse.This made tank destroyers lighter, faster, and easier to manufacture, but it also rendered them more vulnerable to enemy fire. An M1903 Springfield rifle with 60 rounds of ammunition was stowed next to the assistant driver, and an adapter for the rifle and ten antitank rifle grenades were stowed under the left front vehicle subfloor. Or more precisely, to use speed to deploy ahead of the attacking enemy, take up camouflaged and protected firing positions on their flanks if possible, and then open fire. [20] As well as service with British forces in Northwest Europe, they were retained post-war. Production of the M18 started on January 7th, 1943, when 1,000 units were ordered. The armor consisted of rolled and cast homogeneous steel, as follows: Gun shield .75 inch (1.9 cm) from 0-60 degrees; Front (cast) 1 inch (2.5 cm) 23 degrees; Sides .5 inch (1.3 cm) 20 degrees; Rear .5 inch (1.3 cm) 9 degrees; Top (none); and floor 0.25 in (6 mm). For the ordnance top brass, thinking of maintenance, shipping and training, using the M4 chassis for a tank hunter was not only feasible but also highly desirable. The M10 did not see much tank-to-tank action for the rest of the North African campaign, and instead was used as mobile fire support. A portion of the proceeds from this purchase will support Tank Encyclopedia, a military history research project. An M10 tank-destroyer in action near St. [5] The side and rear upper hull armor of the T35E1 was thinned from 1 inch (25.4 mm) to 0.75 inches (19 mm) in order to reduce the weight of the vehicle. M18 76mm Gun Motor Carriage Hellcat – History of War Some years later, as the M10's guns were worn out, Israel decided to install 17-pounder guns and also French high-velocity 75 mm CN 75-50 guns that had just been bought. One tactical theory was that the two towed batteries would form a gun line, while an M10 battery remained mobile on each flank to drive or lead enemy tanks to the static gun line. The following section provides individual pages for each unit and provides a short history along with everything we have on the unit, to this point. French M10s were operated along similar lines as US tank destroyer units, although initially with five vehicles per platoon instead of four. [6] In June 1942, the modified T35E1 was standardized as the 3-inch Gun Motor Carriage M10. All orders are custom made and most ship worldwide within 24 hours. Using lessons learned from combat reports from the Philippines, the armor on the sides and rear of the upper hull was changed from flat to sloped plates. The sides and rear of the upper hull were 3⁄4 inch (19 mm) thick, sloped at 38 degrees from the vertical. The secondary armament comprised a .50 (12.7 in) caliber M2HB machine gun in a ring mount (800 rounds), rotating 360 degrees, with manual traverse. Post-war, the M10 was given as military surplus to several countries, such as Belgium, Denmark, and the Netherlands, through the Mutual Defense Assistance Act or acquired through other means by countries like Israel and the Republic of China. Some M36s did eventually serve in Asia, in French use, at first with the Free Forces, then after the war with more US supplied vehicles arriving in Indochina. From January to June 1944, 209 M10A1 vehicles were subsequently converted to M35 Prime Movers by removing the turret and adding the necessary equipment for them to tow the 8-inch Gun M1 and 240 mm Howitzer M1, 1,413 M10A1s, including the 300 hulls manufactured in January 1944, and 724 M10s were eventually converted into M36 tank destroyers.[9]. US Tanks destroyers in Combat – Armor at War series – Steven J. Zaloga. M36B2: Conversion on M4A2 chassis (same hull as M10) with a twin 6-71 arrangement GM 6046 diesel (287). The M10 had a very slow turret rotation speed, as the turret traverse was unpowered and the crew had to use a hand crank to rotate the turret. The 1239th Self-propelled Artillery Regiment was part of the 16th Tank Corps, 2nd Tank Army. Despite not adhering strictly to the tank destroyer doctrine, the M10 still achieved impressive scores against enemy tanks. It was armed with an 88mm main gun with 57 rounds and had a 100mm frontal armor to protect the crew. After appropriate changes to the hull and turret were made, th… Background: British armoured fighting vehicle production during World War II, Tanks in the British Army, Tanks of comparable role, performance and era, List of U.S. military vehicles by model number, http://afvdb.50megs.com/usa/3ingmcm10.html, http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_M10_3in_GMC.html, https://ritastatusreport.live/2016/03/13/the-m10-gun-motor-carriage-in-israel-by-life_in_black/, http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2-20Ba.html, M10 3" Gun Motor Carriage – World War II Vehicles, Tankdestroyer.net (Web based United States tank destroyer forces information resource), American armored fighting vehicle production during World War II, Light Tank Mk I, Mk II, Mk III, Mk IV and Mk V, British armoured fighting vehicle production during World War II, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M10_tank_destroyer&oldid=1005480699, World War II tank destroyers of the United States, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with dead external links from December 2020, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 9 ft 6 in (2.90 m) over antiaircraft machine gun, 5 (Commander, gunner, loader, driver, assistant driver), The M10 with the "wedge" counterweight was designated, The M10 with the "duck bill" counterweight was designated, FM 18-5 Tactical Employment, Tank Destroyer Unit, FM 18-5B Organization and Tactics of Tank Destroyer Units, FM 18-15 Tank Destroyer Drill and Crew Drill: 3-Inch Gun Motor Carriage M10, 76-mm Gun Motor Carriage T70, 3-Inch Towed Gun (Gun M5 and Carriage M1), FM 18-20 Tactical Employment of Tank Destroyer Platoon Self-Propelled, TM 9-2800 Standard Military Motor Vehicles, TM 9-731G – Carriage, Motor, 3-inch, M10A1, TM 9-1750 – Power train unit (3-piece differential case), TM 9-1750B – Power train unit (1-piece differential case), SNL G130 – for Carriage, Motor, 3-inch, M10, This page was last edited on 7 February 2021, at 21:48. Camouflaged Hellcat at Anzio, May 1944. Several hundred were pressed into British service under Lend-Lease, called (Gun) 3 inch Self Propelled (3 in SP). M10 GMC in Sicily, fall 1944. The prototype was further refined and ended as the 3-inch Gun Motor Carriage M10, earning the go ahead for production in mid-1942. LIFE Magazine Archives William Vandivert Photographer. General Motors and Ford produced 6,400 M10s. As the United States army entered World War II, it drew certain conclusions from Germany’s quick victories over Poland and France. Apart from being the most effective American tank destroyer during WWII, the M18 Hellcat also held a speed record in the US tank arsenal until the development of the M1 Abrams, decades later. “Super Hellcat” in 1944, with an olive green/dark brown camouflage. (187). The main secondary armament, the usual dual purpose “Ma Deuce” cal.50 (12.7 mm) Browning M2 heavy machine gun was installed on a pintle mount on this bustle, but there was no coaxial MG. This unit served on the 3rd Belorussian Front in 1944, taking part in summer campaigns in Belorussia, the Baltic, and East Prussia. The M10 with the "wedge" counterweight was known as the 3in SPM M10 Mk I and the M10 with the "duck bill" counterweight was designated the 3in SPM M10 Mk II. The chassis was basically the same as the M10, with a Ford GAA V-8 gasoline 450 hp (336 kW) which gave a 15.5 hp/ton ratio, coupled with a Synchromesh gearbox with 5 forward and 1 reverse ratio. British M10s were designated as 3in SPM M10. Iraqi M36B1 (ex. This new test vehicle was designated the 3-inch Gun Motor Carriage T35E1. He was provided with a second periscope at the edge of the hull for this purpose. Two turret crews had been killed by 88mm air bursts or mortars exploding in treetops and one crew was killed by a direct hit through the turret. Prototypes of these two vehicles were delivered to Aberdeen Proving Ground in April 1942, and the Army selected the T35E1 for further development on 2 May 1942. After appropriate changes to the hull and turret were made, the modified version was selected for production in June 1942 as the 3-inch Gun Motor Carriage M10. However, the open-topped turret gave excellent visibility, which was valuable for a vehicle that was tasked with finding enemy armored vehicles and other targets. ROCA (Republic of China Army) M36 on display at the Chengkungling museum. We dedicate the site to the men that served in the U.S. In July 1943, the appliqué armor bosses on the hull sides and turret were dropped from production. When tested side by side in September 1943, the M10A1 was judged to have superior automotive performance to the M10. It should be noted there were still numerous towed battalions at that time, which suffered the highest losses. Some M10s, which had been previously demilitarized, were transferred to Republican China (ROC). The M10 tank destroyer was an American tank destroyer of World War II. History, development, service, specifications, statistics, pictures and 3D model. Ford Motor Company built 1,038 M10A1s from October 1942 until September 1943. 110 M36s along with a few M10 TDs were transferred to the South Korean Army, serving until 1959. Tigers were harder to handle and needed to be engaged at smaller ranges. Later on, a kit was developed to protect against shrapnel, made of folding panels adopted by the M36B2, generalized after the war. See more ideas about tank destroyer, m10 tank destroyer, tank. Tank Destroyer Forces. Iranian), 1991 Gulf War These cookies do not store any personal information. In an engagement with a German Panther tank at 1500 yards, an M36 of the 776th TD Battalion was able to penetrate the turret armor which became the commonplace preferred target, along with the sides, rather than the glacis. [8] From September to November 1943, Fisher built the remaining 375 M10A1s. The M10 is often referred to by the nickname "Wolverine", but the origin of this nickname is unknown. American officials requested that of the 52 battalions then committed to the European theater, 20 be converted to the M36, 20 retain the M10 or M18 at the discretion of their commanders, and the 12 towed battalions be re-equipped with the (then-prototype) T5 90 mm towed gun. However, the M10 was still insufficient, so an order went out for a tank destroyer designed from the ground up to hunt and destroy tanks. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II, The European Theater of Operations – “THE LORRAINE CAMPAIGN” Hugh M. Cole. Mediums were relatively easier prey until the end of the war. By the time the test results were released in February 1944, the Army was committed to using the M10 overseas. On 6 July 1944, Eisenhower's headquarters requested that all M10 battalions be converted to the new M36 as soon as possible. The M7 gun weighed 1,990 pounds. In 1949, one was rearmed with a modified Japanese 105 mm (4.13 in) howitzer. In July of 1943, the Hellcat went into production at the Buick plant in Flint Michigan. “Seek, Strike, and Destroy: US Army Tank Destroyer Doctrine in World War II.” Dr. Christopher R. Gabel; Combat Studies Institute, US Army Command and General Staff College Fort Leavenworth Kansas September 1985 The Armor Piercing Capped Ballistic Cap (APCBC) M62 was introduced later, as well as the High Velocity Armor Piercing (HVAP) M93 shot and Armor Piercing High Explosive (APHE) shells. Another flaw noted in close-quarter combat was the slow turning rate of the turret, which was hand-cranked. A US Army study of 39 tank destroyer battalions found that each destroyed, on average, 34 tanks, 17 towed guns, and 16 pillboxes. The 90 mm (3.54 in) armed M36 Jackson began to supplement tank hunter units, as well as the M18 Hellcat, which was designed on a lightweight chassis with brand new suspensions and drivetrain, procuring speeds unheard of for a tank in the US military -at least since the famous 1930 Christie. M10 Wolverine. The prototype of the M10 was conceived in early 1942, being delivered in April of that year. The M10 used the General Motors 6046, consisting of two Detroit Diesel 6-71 inline engines mated to a common crankshaft. There is no report that the modified M10s were used by the Israelis in combat. The biggest supporter of this concept was General Lesley McNair, the head of the ground forces. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. In practice, UK batteries were frequently separated in Normandy, M10s being seconded to British tank brigades equipped with Churchill tanks armed with the general purpose 75 mm gun just as were British 17 pounder conversions. South Korean M36B2 or modernized M36, South Korean Army (Seoul Museum, Flickr), The M36 on Wikipedia Although fielded much earlier for training, the first M36 in organic tank hunter units, in accordance with the US TD doctrine, arrived in September 1944 on the European Theater of Operations (also at the insistence of Eisenhower that regularly had reports about the Panther). An article by Tim Cox, tankdestroyer.net However, due to multiple issues, the production only started mid-1944 and the first deliveries came in September 1944, two years after the idea was first proposed. As there were fears that the production of M4A2 chassis would be inadequate for M10 production, an alternate design, the 3-inch Gun Motor Carriage M10A1 based on the M4A3 medium tank chassis, was also authorized for production. Sides (turret) 31,8 mm / 5 ° The running gear was comprised of three bogies with Vertical Volute Spring Suspension (VVSS), 12 rubberized roadwheels, with front idlers and rear drive sprockets. Two-tanks batteries of these were often seconded to British tank brigades equipped with Churchill tanks. The “Wolverine” name was then popularized by model kit companies along with the World of Tanks and Warthunder video games. It did not go into production. The loader normally stood in the area behind the gun. The main armament was a 76 mm (3 in) M1A1, M1A1C or M1A2 gun with 45 rounds. A later conversion of this vehicle became the 105 mm Howitzer Motor Carriage M7, better known as the “Priest”. Approximately 52 M10s were supplied to the Soviet Union through Lend-Lease. However, the Indians claimed 12 Pakistani M36B2s in the battle of Asal Uttar alone, and the remainder were decommissioned before the battle of 1971. There was a waterproof canvas, which could be deployed on top of this open space. It was characterized by a new turret mounting the 90 mm M3 gun on a standard M10 chassis. The Tank Destroyer board began to examine several hundred Ordnance Department prototype proposals for a tank destroyer mounting a 3-inch gun, initially focusing the most interest on two: Meanwhile, as the final design developments of these two tank destroyers were underway, the Ordnance Department became dissatisfied and by November 1941 had issued an additional specification for a tank destroyer with a 3-inch gun in a rotating turret. Yet another change, requesting a 75 mm (2.95 in) gun, led to the T67 Gun Motor Carriage, of which one was built from a T49 chassis. There are a total of [ 42 ] WW2 Tank Destroyers entries in the Military Factory. The M10 had a crew of five and a top speed of about 48.2 km/h. The first M36 prototype was completed in March 1943. Most of the vehicles converted were the 3in SPM M10 Mk II, as the "duck bill" counterweight better balanced the heavy gun. The Canadians also derived a single prototype of their Ram tank into the M10 configuration in 1942, as the 3in GMC M10 SP , for a projected production. This new gun can be recognized by its muzzle brake and bore evacuator. Inspired designs on t-shirts, posters, stickers, home decor, and more by independent artists and designers from around the world. [21] They served first in Italy, then in France and Germany. With 192 gallons of gasoline, this gave a 240 km (150 mi) range on roads with a top speed on flat ground of up to 48 km/h (30 mph). Hellcat from the 805th Tank Destroyer Battalion in Italy, 1944. It combined thin but sloped armor with the M4 Sherman's reliable drivetrain and a reasonably potent anti-tank weapon mounted in an open-topped turret. Panzer divisions would concentrate more … An example of the development of tank destroyer technology throughout the war are the Marder III and Hetzer vehicle, that were very different in spite of being based on the same chassis: Marder was … The M36 Jackson was the last dedicated American tank hunter of the war. Glacis front hull 38–108 mm / 0–56 ° French M36B2 “Puma” of the Régiment Blindé Colonial d’Extrême Orient, Tonkin, 1951. The crew also had their personal weapons for self-defense. They resembled an upside-down "duck bill" shape when viewed from the side. The last 300 vehicles received the new M1 76 mm (3 in) gun, which had better muzzle velocity and could fire heavier ammunition. It had a 360-degree manual and hydraulic traverse at 24 degrees/second, +20 degrees to -10 degrees of elevation/depression. It was, in mid-1944, the second most common British/Commonwealth tank hunter after the Firefly. The engine noise and smoke could attract enemy fire, especially in close quarters, where the M10 was vulnerable due to its thin armor and open-topped turret. The term "tank destroyer" (TD) evolved into a broad concept that included personnel, equipment, and units alike. The 76 mm (3 in) gun soon proved to be not as effective as hoped against German armor, although a limited supply of high-velocity armor piercing ammunition did compensate to some extent. After... Development (1943-44). The camouflage scheme is deduced from a picture from the front. US 5th Armored Division M36 & Personnel near Schriefersmühle, Germany - March/April 1945. The manually rotated turret of the M10 was a pentagonal shape. The wedge-shaped weights began to be added to new vehicles at Fisher on 25 January 1943. As the cast turret was found to be difficult to manufacture, the design of the turret was changed to a sloped pentagonal shape made of welded armor plate. The ultimate American tank hunter of WW2. The sides received well-sloped flat armor plates with a “>” section, held in place, like the turret plates, by massive nuts. The M10 was based on the chassis of the M4 Sherman tank fitted with a 76.2 mm gun, and was the most important U.S. tank destroyer of WW2. This became the T42 37 mm (1.46 in) Gun Motor Carriage. This is a list of destroyers of the Second World War.1234 The List of ships of the Second World War contains major military vessels of the war, arranged alphabetically and by type.
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